Updates to this Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of the legendary human rights activist and revolutionary thinker include articles from both major newspapers and underground presses, oral histories, police reports and FBI files.

This biography of Malcolm X draws on new research to trace his life from his troubled youth through his involvement in the Nation of Islam, his activism in the world of Black Nationalism, and his assassination. Years in the making, it is a definitive biography of the legendary black activist. Of the great figures in twentieth-century American history perhaps none is more complex and controversial than Malcolm X. Constantly rewriting his own story, he became a criminal, a minister, a leader, and an icon, all before being felled by assassins' bullets at age thirty-nine. Through his tireless work and countless speeches he empowered hundreds of thousands of black Americans to create better lives and stronger communities while establishing the template for the self-actualized, independent African American man. In death he became a broad symbol of both resistance and reconciliation for millions around the world. Filled with new information and shocking revelations that go beyond the Autobiog

An authoritative biography of Malcolm X draws on new research to trace his life from his troubled youth through his involvement in the Nation of Islam, his activism in the world of Black Nationalism, and his assassination.

Essays examine the challenges faced by African Americans in preserving and shaping African-American history, exposing the myth and conflict surrounding such figures as Malcolm X, W.E.B. DuBois, and Booker T. Washington.

Essays examine the challenges faced by African Americans in preserving and shaping African-American history, exposing the myth and conflict surrounding such figures as Malcolm X, W.E.B. DuBois, and Booker T. Washington.

"One of America's prominent historians and a noted feminist bring together the most important political writings and testimonials from African Americans over three centuries. This unique volume captures the struggle and hope persistent in the movement for social justice. The voices of famous activists like Du Bois, Douglass, and Malcolm X, joined by those of laborers, women, and other African American citizens, reveal how the historical record of oppression and resistance coalesced into a national and international movement."--Jacket.