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Summary
Summary
Evolution: The Whole Story provides an in-depth and up-to-the- minute account of evolution, one of the ultimate keystone theories in modern science. Ten esteemed experts thoroughly survey how each of Earth''s major groups of living things diversified and evolved through time and using visual features that make the story comprehensible, the book gives readers, even those with no previous knowledge of the topic, a clear understanding of evolution and how it brought us to the present day.
Each of seven chapters takes one of Earth''s major living groups and describes the evolution of its subgroups and how they diversified and evolved. The stories are fascinating. In some cases, a subgroup fell off the evolutionary chain, like the dinosaurs that were part of the Early Reptiles group, and which became extinct by the second extinction event. In other cases, a living subgroup may contain a life form virtually the same as its evolutionary ancestors, such as the horseshoe crab from the Invertebrates group, which is a "living fossil" closely related to prehistoric sea scorpions.
Along with profiles of the most important scientists that have influenced evolutionary theory, the book reveals how these advances have added to and often changed the story. For example, the now-extinct Pederpes, formerly thought to be a fish, was restudied and reclassified in 2002 and is now known to be the first four-limbed vertebrate to evolve to a life on land.
Evolution: The Whole Story makes the story of evolution comprehensible, straightforward and stimulating. The introduction provides an important overview. It includes:
Modern evolutionary theory Terms such as convergent evolution and speciation; time charts and their eras, periods and epochs Explanations of graphic devices such as phylogenies and cladograms that depict evolutionary relationships How we know or surmise about long-gone animals, plants, habitats, and ecosystems Factors and pressures that drove evolution How fossils formed and are studied.Having laid the base for readers, the story begins. Important features include:
Thematic essays that provide a complete account of all the major life groups, explaining in detail their comparative anatomy and evolutionary legacies. Photographic features that investigate the characteristics of individual organisms, including living species, fossils and skeletons, and how they are direct ancestors or relatives to members of modern life groups. 160 Key Focus features that investigate topics of particular interest. Stimulating lifelike reconstructions of past habitats and ecosystems. Historical timelines highlighting key evolutionary events and discoveries. In-depth coverage of 20 eminent scientists that have made major contributions to our understanding of evolution. Coverage of Mass Extinctions in their chronological position on the evolutionary timescale.The 160 Key Focus features investigate topics that add color while they reveal important developments in evolution and its study. Examples are:
Hallucigenia, a wormlike creature so odd that a scientist thought he was hallucinating. Flowers, insects and co-evolution -- how organisms can progress "hand-in-hand" Peripatus, today''s walking worm with stumpy legs, which may show how arthropods evolved Eurypterus, at almost 5 feet long it was a real monster for its time. Arthropleura, a giant millipede-like arthropod the size of a sports car. Othniel Charles Marsh, Edward Drinker Cope and the Bone Wars, as rivals competed to find the biggest, best dinosaur fossils. Hobbits, an amazing discovery in 2003 of 3-feet-tall fossil humans -- are they a distinct species? Reversing evolution and de-extinction -- will we be able to "de-extinct" long-gone species? Gigantopithecus, a 10-feet-tall close cousin of humans living in Asia up to 100,000 years ago. Today''s sea eagle -- what modern eagles tell us about the evolution of their group. Are new species evolving?Evolutionary theorists, paleontologists, paleoecologists, molecular biologists, geneticists, climatologists, the occasional amateur fossil-hunter, and many more people, have contributed to our understanding of evolution. Their passion and work will continue to unravel the complex and challenging story, but in the meantime, Evolution: The Whole Story reveals the compelling evidence we have today.
This book is ideal for all general readers and anyone working in or interested in fields related to the study of evolution. It is an essential selection.
Author Notes
Steve Parker gained a BSc Honors First Class in Zoology and is a Senior Scientific Fellow of the Zoological Society of London. His passion for animals, plants, and life sciences such as ecology and ethology is reflected in the more than 300 books that he has written, contributed to, or acted as consultant for. They include The Encyclopedia of Sharks and as co-author Planet Ape , both published by Firefly Books.
Alice Roberts is a clinical anatomist and Professor of Public Engagement in Science at the University of Birmingham. She has presented several BBC science series including The Incredible Human Journey , Origins of Us , Prehistoric Autopsy and Ice Age Giants . She writes a regular science column for The Observer , and has authored five popular science books.
Reviews (4)
Publisher's Weekly Review
This book is a gorgeously illustrated and utterly fascinating history of the planet Earth and the millions of life forms that have called it home. Parker (The Human Body Book), a prolific science writer, synthesizes the most up-to-date knowledge of evolutionary science for educated general readers in this accessible, chronological guide. Evolution encompasses "the changes undergone by living things through time," and it is therefore the story of our world. Parker divides the book into seven chapters that cover eons, during which life very gradually evolved from primordial microbes into invertebrate creatures, plants, fish and amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Every single page contains full-colour images of fossils and living animals, as well as superb artistic renderings of long-extinct creatures great and small. Parker provides vital information on each species-sea floor-crawling trilobites, flesh-tearing terrestrial dinosaurs, ape-like early human ancestors, and more-including scientific names, life cycles, habitats, taxonomic groups, and fossil records. Modestly priced for such a richly detailed hardcover, this book is the essential story of life on earth, and it belongs on the shelf of everyone who is interested in that story. Illus. (Oct.) © Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved.
Booklist Review
*Starred Review* This accessible volume takes a pictorial look at all aspects of evolution, organizing the progression of species chronologically by group (Earliest Life, Plants, Invertebrates, Fish and Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals). Each section contains a narrative essay and historical time line of key events. The individual snapshot entries both show and describe the characteristics of individual organisms (such as Dunkleosteus, a four-ton, vampire-fanged fish) and how they are ancestors of or relatives to modern species. Each entry is a two-page spread, filled with color illustrations and photographs more than 1,000 illustrations in all. There is also coverage of noted scientists as well as important places worldwide. In addition, numerous sidebars further elucidate topics of particular interest. The coverage here is exhaustive, but the writing is easy to follow, and the short-entry format makes for a very readable book. This is an important work and is highly recommended for all types of libraries, where it will serve both general readers and students.--Vnuk, Rebecca Copyright 2015 Booklist
Choice Review
Monoplacophorans are not particularly showy, but they are part of Earth's evolutionary story. As might be expected in this colorful, well-laid out, methodical presentation of the history of life on this planet, monoplacophorans are there--even if one has never heard of them--along with Tiktaalik, spirobranchus, and of course, trilobites, dinosaurs, and people. This book gives readers a profound sense of time, a sense of awe at the great variety of life that has lived and is living on Earth, and an encyclopedic view of evolution that is unequalled. By replicating portions of the photographs as areas of special interest mentioned in the text and using regularly occurring, way-finding icons and inserts, the authors have created a sense of animation and of "being there" while the story is told. With 1,288 carefully selected photographs and illustrations, 123 time lines and phylogenies, a 94-entry glossary, an index of more then 1,600 entries, and 11 contributing authors, this book earns its subtitle "the whole story." Summing Up: Highly recommended. All library collections. --George C. Stevens, University of New Mexico
Library Journal Review
The focal point of this evolutionary history is that 99 percent of the planet's plant and animal species perished prior to the present day. Under the aegis of editor Parker (senior scientific fellow, Zoological Soc. of London), a group of expert contributors present thematic essays that trace the evolution of particular subgroups as they appeared on Earth, from the earliest single-cell organisms to human beings to the fascinating creatures that rose and then vanished (such as giant sea spiders) along the way. VERDICT With a variety of maps, time lines, and full-color photos accompanying the text, this immersive tour of Earth's history will appeal to readers of all ages. © Copyright 2016. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
Excerpts
Excerpts
Foreword In 1860, a debate took place in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History. The hall where this debate took place still exists, although it's now divided by a mezzanine floor into an upper "Huxley Room," and a lower "Wilberforce Room." The names of the rooms enshrine the main protagonists of that debate. The debate followed a lecture by an American academic on the subject of evolution, and soon burgeoned into a full-blown confrontation between science and religion. The Bishop of Oxford, Samuel Wilberforce, laid into the new theory of evolution through natural selection, expressing his doubts that species could change over time. Among the scientists in the room was Thomas Henry Huxley, who would become known as "Darwin's Bulldog." Wilberforce went on to challenge Huxley: on which side of his family did he claim descent from a monkey -- on his grandmother's side or his grandfather's? There are different accounts of precisely how Huxley responded to Wilberforce's sarcastic enquiry. Here's Huxley's own recollection of his reply: "If then, said I, the question is put to me would I rather have a miserable ape for a grandfather or a man highly endowed by nature and possessed of great means of influence and yet who employs these faculties and that influence for the mere purpose of introducing ridicule into a grave scientific discussion, I unhesitatingly affirm my preference for the ape." One commentator remembered perhaps what Huxley wished he'd said -- muttering first "The Lord hath delivered him into my hands," before delivering this decisive blow: "I would rather be the offspring of two apes than be a man and afraid to face the truth." Whatever was actually said, Huxley's contribution to the debate has become legendary. I think that this is partly down to one of the enduring anxieties that evolution seems to provoke. We humans have always been keen to place ourselves on a pedestal, to emphasize the gulf between us and the rest of life on the planet. The concept of humans as a special creation, made by an intelligent designer, stands in direct opposition to the idea that we are a product of unthinking natural selection: that we have evolved, like every other species on the planet. The acceptance of the fact of evolution involves the acknowledgement that humans are animals. Huxley's open recognition of his humble pedigree showed that he was willing to accept this scientific truth -- even if it meant that he had to knock himself, and the rest of humanity, off a pedestal. While humans are undoubtedly unusual animals, and unusual apes, it really is impossible to adhere to the idea of special creation if you look at the evidence around you. Our bodies and our genes are uncannily like those of other mammals, especially primates. And we now have a great fossil record of the ancestors of humans. Five weeks before the famous debate in Oxford, Wilberforce had written a fairly damning review of Darwin's On the Origin of Species . He wrote about the lack of any fossil evidence to show one species gradually changing into another. To some extent, he was right. The fossil record in the mid-nineteenth century was patchy at best. Of course, there are still gaps -- it is, after all, very rare for a dead organism to become fossilized. But a huge wealth of fossil evidence has come to light since Darwin's time. For example, we now have good evidence of the transition from aquatic to terrestrial existence in early amphibians; of the ancestral whales who would eventually lose their hind legs entirely; of feathered dinosaurs who were ancestral to birds; and of hominins -- a whole family of apes who walked upright on two legs, including Homo sapiens . These hominin fossils also show that human-ness didn't just suddenly appear. Features that we consider to be definitively, even uniquely, human, arrived in a piecemeal fashion, over vast expanses of time. And actually, it's only with hindsight that we can say that these features accumulated to a point where we can say "this is a human." In fact, you can take any species you want and trace its evolutionary history in a similar way. And you find the same thing: a piecemeal accumulation of features until we end up with a species we're familiar with today. Tracing evolutionary histories like this also takes us back to common ancestors with other species, and indeed with whole groups of species, until we can reconstruct the huge, branching tree of life on the planet. Evolution, then, explains not just the appearance of individual species, including our own, but the entire diversity of life on Earth. Evolution proceeds gradually, both in terms of genetic changes, and in the outward appearance of animals. But -- admittedly only with the benefit of hindsight -- it is possible to identify key points in evolutionary history which had huge implications for the way organisms continued to evolve. Such key moments include the appearance of the first eukaryotic cells, paving the way for the evolution of complex organisms; the evolution of animals which can survive out of water; and the appearance of flowering plants, together with the insects which evolved to pollinate them. In these pages, you can focus in on the characteristics of individual plants and animals -- but you can also pull back, to look at the wider picture, to place those species in context. There's a useful timeline guide to key events popping up just when you need it. This book sets out to present the beautiful and awe-inspiring range of biodiversity, past and present. It's a fantastic guide to life on this planet, starting with the earliest hints of living creatures preserved in rocks, then looking at plants, and at major groups of animals. In this way, we learn about not only the adaptations we see in living species, but also how those adaptations arose. And we discover how each species -- including our own -- is connected with others: with past ancestors and living cousins. We're all tiny twigs on the great Tree of Life. Alice Roberts Anatomist and Physical Anthropologist, Writer, and Broadcaster Bristol, UK Excerpted from Evolution: The Whole Story by Steve Parker All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.