Antislavery/antislave backlash : the white resistance to black Reconstruction -- The old Negro : race, science, literature, and the birth of Jim Crow -- Chains of being : the black body and the white mind -- Framing blackness : Sambo art and the visual rhetoric of white supremacy -- The United States of race : mass-producing stereotypes and fear -- The new Negro : redeeming the race from the redeemers -- Reframing race : a new Negro enters the frame -- Epilogue -- Reconstruction redux : the caricature assassination of the first black president.