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Now in paperback, this lavish guide explains the design and symbolism of Islamic gardens while giving practical guidance to replicating the component parts The Islamic garden is regarded as one of the highest forms of visual art in the civilization of Islam, and this guide explains these gardens' history and symbolism, and their connections to the Quran. The principal elements are water and shade; they are also characterized by the chahar-bagh: a four-fold pattern, constructed around a central pool or fountain, with four streams flowing toward the four corners of the earth. This design is aesthetically striking; however, a true appreciation of an Islamic garden is only complete with an understanding of the spiritual symbolism manifested in its design and planting.