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Donald Trump, Silvio Berlusconi, Marine Le Pen, Hugo Chvez - populists are on the rise across the globe. But what exactly is populism Should everyone who criticizes Wall Street or Washington be called a populist What precisely is the difference between right-wing and left-wing populism Does populism bring government closer to the people or is it a threat to democracy Who are "the people" anyway and who can speak in their name These questions have never been more pressing.In this groundbreaking volume, Jan-Werner Mller argues that at populism's core is a rejection of pluralism. Populists will always claim that they and they alone represent the people and their true interests. Mller also shows that, contrary to conventional wisdom, populists can govern on the basis of their claim to exclusive moral representation of the people: if populists have enough power, they will end up creating an authoritarian state that excludes all those not considered part of the proper "people.