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A comprehensive look at the world of illicit trade Though mankind has traded tangible goods for millennia, recent technology has changed the fundamentals of trade, in both legitimate and illegal economies. In the past three decades, the most advanced forms of illicit trade have broken with all historical precedents and, as Dark Commerce shows, now operate as if on steroids, tied to computers and social media. In this new world of illicit commerce, which benefits states and diverse participants, trade is impersonal and anonymized, and vast profits are made in short periods with limited accountability to sellers, intermediaries, and purchasers.Louise Shelley examines how new technology, communications, and globalization fuel the exponential growth of dangerous forms of illegal trade -- the markets for narcotics and child pornography online, the escalation of sex trafficking through web advertisements, and the sale of endangered species for which revenues total in the hundreds of millions of dollars. The illicit economy exacerbates many of the world's destabilizing phenomena: the perpetuation of conflicts, the proliferation of arms and weapons of mass destruction, and environmental degradation and extinction. Shelley explores illicit trade in tangible goods -- drugs, human beings, arms, wildlife and timber, fish, antiquities, and ubiquitous counterfeits -- and contrasts this with the damaging trade in cyberspace, where intangible commodities cost consumers and organizations billions as they lose identities, bank accounts, access to computer data, and intellectual property.Demonstrating that illicit trade is a business the global community cannot afford to ignore and must work together to address, Dark Commerce considers diverse ways of responding to this increasing challenge.



About the Author

Louise I. Shelley

Dr. Louise Shelley is a University Professor at George Mason University. She is in the School of Public Policy and is the founder and director of the Terrorism, Transnational Crime and Corruption Center (TraCCC). She is a leading expert on human trafficking, transnational crime, corruption and terrorism.Professor Shelley is the co-chair of the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on Organized Crime and has served on the Global Agenda Council on Illicit Trade. She has spoken at various international fora and at numerous universities both in the United States and abroad on transnational crime and corruption. Additionally, she appears on television and radio, including appearances on CNN, NPR's Marketplace, PBS, A&E, the History Channel and 60 Minutes.She has testified before the House Committee on International Relations, the Helsinki Commission, the House Banking Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on transnational crime, human trafficking and the links between financial crime, transnational crime, and terrorism.She is the author of Human Trafficking: A Global Perspective (Cambridge 2010) and is currently under contract for a new book on crime, corruption, and terrorism. She is the co-editor, with Professor Shiro Okubo, of Human Security, Transnational Crime and Human Trafficking: Asian and Western Perspectives (Routledge 2011) and, with Sally Stoecker, Human Traffic and Transnational Crime: Eurasian and American Perspectives (Rowman & Littlefield 2005). She has previously written Policing Soviet Society (Routledge, 1996), Lawyers in Soviet Worklife and Crime and Modernization, as well as numerous articles and book chapters on all aspects of transnational crime and corruption.She serves on the boards of Demokratizatsiya: the Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, and the European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, Global Crime and The International Annals of Criminology. She was elected to the Board of Directors of the International Society of Criminology for the years 1999-2004. Her expertise in transnational crime and corruption includes money laundering and illicit financial flows, human smuggling and trafficking, and national security issues.Since 1995, Dr. Shelley has run programs in Russia, Ukraine and Georgia with leading specialists on the problems of organized crime and corruption. She has also been the principal investigator of large-scale projects on money laundering from Russia, Ukraine and Georgia and in the training of law enforcement agencies in the issue of trafficking in persons.Dr. Shelley received her undergraduate degree cum laude from Cornell University in Penology and Russian literature. She holds an M.A. in Criminology from the University of Pennsylvania. She studied at the Law Faculty of Moscow State University on IREX and Fulbright Fellowships and holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Pennsylvania. She held a Fulbright and researched and taught on crime issues i



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