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An unprecedented examination of the ways in which the uninhibited urban sexuality, sexual experimentation, and medical advances of pre-Weimar Berlin created and molded our modern understanding of sexual orientation and gay identity.Known already in the 1850s for the friendly company of its warm brothers German slang for men who love other men, Berlin, before the turn of the twentieth century, became a place where scholars, activists, and medical professionals could explore and begin to educate both themselves and Europe about new and emerging sexual identities. From Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, a German activist described by some as the first openly gay man, to the world of Berlins vast homosexual subcultures, to a major sex scandal that enraptured the daily newspapers and shook the court of Emperor William IIand on through some of the very first sex reassignment surgeriesRobert Beachy uncovers the long-forgotten events and characters that continue to shape and influence the way we think of sexuality today.